Western blot analysis of iron regulation and oxidative stress proteins in the hippocampus of treated mice. (a) Representative Western blot bands for iron regulation proteins HCP1, transferrin receptor (TfR), ferroportin 1 (Fpn1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), hepcidin, and oxidative stress protein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), along with β-actin as a loading control in the TS, SM, SD, and SMD groups. (b–g) Densitometric analysis of HCP1, TfR, Fpn1, DMT1, hepcidin, and GPX4 and normalized to β-actin levels. The graphs show changes in protein expression levels posttreatment with minocycline (SM), deferoxamine (SD), and their combination (SMD) compared to the untreated surgery and sleep deprivation group (TS). Significant decreases in iron regulation proteins are noted in the treatment groups (SM, SD, and SMD) with the lowest expression in the SMD group, while GPX4 expression is increased, indicating enhanced antioxidative response. Significance is denoted by “A” ( compared to the TS group), “AB” ( compared to the SM group), and “ABC” ( compared to the SD group).